Related work

The traditional approach to prevent spoofing attacks is to use cryptographic-based authentication (B. Wu, J. Wu, E. Fernandez, and S. Magliveras, “Secure and efficient key management in mobile ad hoc networks,” in Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS), 2005., Wool, ACM/Springer Wirel Networks 11(6): pp. 677–686, 2005, M. bohge and W. Trappe, “An authentication framework for hierarchical ad hoc sensor networks,” in Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Wireless Security (WiSe), 2003, pp. 79–87. B. Wu, J. Wu, E. Fernandez, and S. Magliveras (“Secure and efficient key management in mobile ad hoc networks,” in Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS), 2005). has introduced a secure and efficient key management framework (SEKM). SEKM builds a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) by applying a secret sharing scheme and an underlying multicast server group. A. Wool, “Lightweight key management for ieee 802.11 wireless lans with key refresh and host revocation,” ACM/Springer Wireless Networks, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 677–686, 2005. implemented a key management mechanism with periodic key refresh and host revocation. to prevent the compromise of authentication keys. An authentication framework for hierarchical, ad hoc sensor networks is proposed in M. bohge and W. Trappe, (“An authentication framework for hierarchical ad hoc sensor networks,” in Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Wireless Security (WiSe), 2003, pp. 79–87). However, the cryptographic authentication may not be always applicable because of the limited resources on wireless devices, and lacking of a fixed key management infrastructure in the wireless network.