TY - CHAP
T1 - Reactions to Vanguards. Advances in Backlash Theory
AU - Rudman, Laurie A.
AU - Moss-Racusin, Corinne A.
AU - Glick, Peter
AU - Phelan, Julie E.
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Backlash refers to social and economic penalties for counterstereotypical behavior (Rudman, 1998). By penalizing vanguards (atypical role models), backlash reinforces cultural stereotypes as normative rules. We present the Backlash and Stereotype Maintenance Model (BSMM), supported by studies of gender and racial vanguards (Phelan & Rudman, 2010a; Rudman & Fairchild, 2004). The BSSM illuminates when and why backlash occurs, as well as its effects on potential targets. We provide evidence for the Status Incongruity Hypothesis, which posits that targets who violate status expectations are especially likely to suffer backlash because system-justification motives play a key role in backlash (Moss-Racusin, Phelan, & Rudman, 2010; Rudman, Moss-Racusin, Phelan, & Nauts, 2011). The Backlash Avoidance Model describes how fear of backlash not only limits people's aspirations but also undermines their performance in atypical domains (Moss-Racusin, 2011; Moss-Racusin & Rudman, 2010). Finally, we discuss how advances in backlash theory might guide future research.
AB - Backlash refers to social and economic penalties for counterstereotypical behavior (Rudman, 1998). By penalizing vanguards (atypical role models), backlash reinforces cultural stereotypes as normative rules. We present the Backlash and Stereotype Maintenance Model (BSMM), supported by studies of gender and racial vanguards (Phelan & Rudman, 2010a; Rudman & Fairchild, 2004). The BSSM illuminates when and why backlash occurs, as well as its effects on potential targets. We provide evidence for the Status Incongruity Hypothesis, which posits that targets who violate status expectations are especially likely to suffer backlash because system-justification motives play a key role in backlash (Moss-Racusin, Phelan, & Rudman, 2010; Rudman, Moss-Racusin, Phelan, & Nauts, 2011). The Backlash Avoidance Model describes how fear of backlash not only limits people's aspirations but also undermines their performance in atypical domains (Moss-Racusin, 2011; Moss-Racusin & Rudman, 2010). Finally, we discuss how advances in backlash theory might guide future research.
KW - Backlash effects
KW - Discrimination
KW - Impression formation
KW - Impression management
KW - Prejudice
KW - Stereotypes
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84857214624
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84857214624#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1016/B978-0-12-394286-9.00004-4
DO - 10.1016/B978-0-12-394286-9.00004-4
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:84857214624
T3 - Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
SP - 167
EP - 227
BT - Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
ER -