Leadership in and of demographically diverse organizations

The leadership literature has not adequately addressed leadership in and of demographically diverse organizations. In this article we examine what is known about male/female, white/non-white, and U.S./ non-U.S. differences and discuss the leadership implications. We examine the recent literature on leadership as it relates to diversity at different levels where leadership is exercised, including interpersonal, group, and organizational levels. We also propose an agenda for future research, especially on leader-member relations, the influence of biases and stereotypes on leadership evaluations, leading demographically diverse groups, organizational stratification, separating sex from gender effects, influence tactics, and multidirectional approaches to leadership. The articles in these two volumes on leadership and diversity provide a promising start in addressing the proposed agenda for future research.